新娘维迪亚扮演者

越南是与我国山水相连的邻邦，中越两国有着悠久而紧密的历史联系。自秦汉至北宋初期的一千余年，今越南中、北部地区属于古代中国的历史版图，为中国王朝统一管制下的地方行政区域。北宋以后，中越宗藩关系稳定发展，两国保持着频繁的封贡往来。同属古代东亚汉字文化圈的越南历史上深受中国传统文化的影响。在美版知乎Quora上，越南网友提问道：越南文化是中国文化的分支或复制品吗？这个问题引起各国网友的围观和热议，我们看看他们的观点。

问题

美国网友爱德华•肯威的回答

If you ask a Chinese and a Vietnamese respectively, you will get different answers. I've always heard Chinese people say this, but I've never seen Vietnamese people say this. My wife is Vietnamese.

如果你分别问一个来自中国的人和一个越南人，你会得到不同的答案。我总是听到中国人有这样的说法，可我从未见到越南人这样说过，我妻子就是越南人。

Therefore, I think it is obvious that Vietnamese culture has been influenced by China, but not completely submerged by Chinese culture, more or less, almost all countries bordering China. For example:

所以，我认为很明显，越南的文化受到了中国的影响，但没有被中国文化彻底淹没，或多或少，几乎所有与中国接壤的国家都是如此。例如：

Vietnamese food is different from any Chinese food I have ever tasted. It uses different combinations of ingredients, different condiments, and prepares ingredients in different ways. For example, the seasoning used by Vietnamese - fish sauce - is also used in other countries in Southeast Asia, but I have never seen it in Chinese restaurants in the United States or China. Obviously, although Vietnamese food has some characteristics with Chinese food, it is a unique cooking tradition.

越南菜和我吃过的任何中国菜都不一样，它使用不同的配料组合、不同的调味品，并以不同的方式准备食材。比如越南人习惯使用的调味品-鱼露，在东南亚其他国家也有使用，但我在美国或中国的中国餐馆都没有看到过。很明显，越南菜虽然与中国菜有一些特色，但却是一种独特的烹饪传统。

Vietnamese is very different from Chinese. After years of French colonization, Vietnam borrowed the modified Latin alphabet and used a large number of modified marks to represent sounds and tones that do not exist in most western languages. I can only speak a little Vietnamese, Cantonese or Putonghua. My wife and her friends basically do not understand Putonghua or Cantonese, and my Chinese friends do not understand Vietnamese. Language is one of the basic factors that make us feel that we are part of a nation. The fact that Vietnam and China are not interlinked in language is another sign that they are different cultures.

越南语与汉语非常不同。经过多年的法国殖民，越南借用了经过修改的拉丁字母表，用大量的修改标记来表示大多数西方语言中不存在的声音和音调。我只会说一点越南语、粤语或普通话，而我妻子和她的朋友基本不懂普通话或粤语，我的中国朋友也不懂越南语。语言是让我们感觉自己是一个民族一部分的基本因素之一，越南和中国在语言上彼此并不相通是另一个表明它们是不同文化的标志。

Vietnam's view of history is also different from that of China. The Vietnamese regard most of their history as a cycle of several centuries: being invaded by the Chinese dynasty, suffering under the rule of the feudal dynasty, and then liberating themselves... Until the next time China's rulers choose to focus on the south again. In contrast, China pays little attention to Vietnam in its history class. The definition of any civilization depends on how they teach history, so the history that Vietnamese children learn when they grow up is very different from that of Chinese students.

越南的历史观也不同于中国的越南历史观。越南人将他们的大部分历史视为一个长达几个世纪的周期：被中国的古代王朝入侵，在封建王朝的统治下受苦，然后解放自己……直到下一次中国的统治者选择再次关注南方。相比之下，中国在自己的历史课上很少关注越南。任何文明的定义都取决于他们如何教授历史，因此越南儿童在成长过程中学习的历史与中国学生的历史截然不同。

There are also religious differences among countries. Although both countries have strong Buddhist influence, Vietnam also has a very strong Catholic community, which is a legacy left by France, and Confucianism has the deepest influence in China.

各国在宗教上也存在差异。虽然两国都有强大的佛教影响，但越南也有一个非常强大的天主教社区，是法国留下的遗产，而中国影响最深的是儒家。

I do not intend to go into details, but Vietnam's art, music, literature and so on are unique to Vietnam. The cultures of Vietnam and other Asian countries, like those of European countries, are different from each other. They may come from a common source, but in hundreds and thousands of years, they have evolved their own civilization paths.

我不打算详尽地讲下去，但越南的艺术、音乐、文学等都是越南独有的。越南及其他亚洲国家和欧洲各国的各种文化一样，彼此不同，它们可能来自一个共同的来源，但在数百年和数千年的时间里，它们演化出了各自的文明路径。

越南网友雅克的回答

Koreans and Japanese are "indigenous Chinese", while Vietnamese are "indigenous Chinese".

韩国人和日本人是“中国化的土著”，而越南人是“本土化的汉人”。

The key word here is "branch". This word means something developed from the same core, and the core of Vietnamese culture is the Chinese part. The history of Vietnam is a history of assimilation. It is the history of China's core assimilation of anything else, whether it is indigenous customs or cultural habits imported from India or the Middle East.

这里的关键词是“分支”。这个词的意思是从同一个核心发展出来的东西，越南文化的核心是中国部分。越南的历史是一部同化的历史，是中国核心同化任何其他东西的历史，无论是土著习俗还是从印度或中东进口的文化习惯。

Obviously, Vietnamese culture and Chinese culture are similar but different, especially due to differences in history, identity, geography, climate and other aspects, which are unique in their respective ways. Language differences and similarities are typical examples of how Vietnamese culture is different and / or similar to Chinese culture.

但显然，越南文化和中国文化是相似但不同的，特别是由于历史、身份、地理、气候等方面的差异，在各自的方式上是独特的。语言上的差异和相似性是越南文化与中国文化如何不同和/或相似的典型例子。

1. The traditional black teeth in Vietnam are beautiful.

1、越南的传统黑牙，以黑牙为美。

From the perspective of Ancient Vietnamese culture, blackening and tattooing are two national traditions of Vietnamese. But in modern times, with the change of aesthetic taste, these two traditions are gradually disappearing, almost disappearing.

从越南古代文化来看，涂黑和纹身是越南人的两种民族传统，但在现代，随着审美趣味的变化，这两种传统正在逐渐消失，几乎消失。

The tradition of blackening teeth has a lot to do with chewing Penang, because chewing Penang can lead to blackening teeth.

牙齿变黑的传统与咀嚼槟郎有很大关系，因为咀嚼槟郎会导致牙齿变黑。

In the traditional wedding in Vietnam, the groom's family must bring gifts, one of which is Penang, to the bride's family, and use these gifts to worship the bride's family ancestors. On Vietnamese traditional festivals and / or family special days, Vietnamese people often use betel nuts or betel nut leaves to worship their ancestors.

在越南的传统婚礼中，新郎的家人必须带礼物，其中一个是槟郎，给新娘的家人，用这些礼物来祭拜新娘的家族祖先。在越南传统节日和/或家庭特殊日，越南人民经常使用槟榔或槟榔叶来祭拜祖先。

Nowadays, the tradition of teenagers smearing black is not so popular, because the influence of western culture has changed the principle of female beauty. In the past, especially after 1945, Vietnamese women no longer regarded youth blackening as a sign of beauty.

如今，青少年涂黑的传统已经不那么流行了，因为西方文化的影响改变了女性美的原则。越南妇女在过去，尤其是1945年之后，不再将青少年变黑视为美丽的标志。

2. The Tattoo tradition has disappeared in Vietnam for centuries, and some sources say that it disappeared from ad 1300-1400.

2、纹身传统在越南盛行一时，但已经消失了几个世纪，一些消息来源称，这一传统已从公元1300-1400年消失。

Of course, there are many other Vietnamese traditions, but I am deeply impressed with art: m ú a R ố Ian ớ C (water puppet show)

当然，还有许多其他的越南传统，但我对艺术印象深刻：Múa rố伊恩ớc（水上木偶戏）

Water puppet show (Vietnamese: m ú a R) ố Ian ớ C, lighting. "Let puppets dance on the water") this tradition can be traced back to the 11th century, and it originated from villages in the Red River Delta region in northern Vietnam.

水上木偶戏（越南语：Múa r）ố伊恩ớc、 点燃。“让木偶在水上跳舞”）这一传统可以追溯到11世纪，它起源于越南北部红河三角洲地区的村庄。

中国网友陈海岩的回答

If it weren't for the question raised by the questioner, most Chinese would never have thought of such a question.

如果不是发问者提出的问题，大多数中国人永远不会想到有这样的问题。

I've been to Europe, and every palace looks very similar. I want to know if Italians think French culture is a copy of Roman culture? Do Germans think Danish culture is a copy of German culture?

我去过欧洲，每个宫殿看起来都很相似。我想知道意大利人是否认为法国文化是罗马文化的复制品？德国人认为丹麦文化是德国文化的复制品吗？

European culture originated from ancient Roman culture. In ancient times, Rome was the center of European civilization. Therefore, Chinese civilization had a strong influence on the surrounding areas, which can not be said to be copied or misappropriated.

欧洲文化起源于古罗马文化，在古代，罗马是欧洲文明的中心，因此，中华文明对周边地区有着强大的影响，这说不上什么复制或挪用。

Why do Vietnamese hate China because Vietnamese culture is similar to China? Vietnam has been colonized by France for 100 years, and its written language has been Latinized. I think according to some logic of some answers, Vietnamese have more reasons to hate France than China.

我认为这个问题在激化矛盾，很多越南人因为越南的文化与中国相似而看不惯中国，然而越南被法国殖民了一百年，其书面语言被拉丁化，我认为，根据一些答案的一些逻辑，越南人有更多的理由恨法国，而不是恨中国。

How many Vietnamese lost their lives and families in the Vietnam War? I believe that more Vietnamese have memories of the Vietnam war than of the fabricated history of "Chinese occupation for a thousand years". Who put this "memory" into the minds of Vietnamese people?

有多少越南人在越南战争中失去了生命和家人？我相信更多的越南人对越南战争有记忆，而不是对编造的“中国占领千年”历史的记忆。是谁把这样的“记忆”放进了越南人的脑海的？

Will cultural similarity lead to more hatred or respect for each other? Should countries with similar cultures hate each other?

文化上的相似性会导致彼此更多的仇恨或尊重吗？文化相似的国家应该互相憎恨吗？

I just don't like such questions. In the similar cultural environment of other countries, no one raised such a question.

我只是不喜欢这样的问题。在其他国家类似的文化环境中，没有人提出这样的问题。

泰国网友艾文•维迪亚的回答

No, it's not a copy! In fact, we are one of them, not only from blood, but also from culture.

不，不是复制品！事实上，我们是他们中的一员，不仅来自血缘，也来自文化。

In fact, the Chinese from China claimed to be "Vietnamese" after conquering the indigenous Vietnamese a thousand years ago, just like the Aryans from Central Asia claimed to be Indians after conquering the indigenous Indians thousands of years ago, or just like the British from Britain claimed to be Americans after conquering the Native Americans hundreds of years ago.

事实上，来自中国的中国人在一千年前征服土著越南人后声称自己是“越南人”，就像来自中亚的雅利安人在几千年前征服了土著印第安人后声称自己为印度人，或者就像来自英国的英国人在几百年前征服美洲土著人后声称他们是美国人一样。

If Vietnam has really been colonized by the Chinese for 1000 years, why do "Vietnamese" still adhere to their Chinese traditions? Why don't "Vietnamese" restore their "Vietnam native" tradition through Vietnam's decolonization in the next millennium? The "Vietnamese" have a thousand years to realize the decolonization of Vietnam, but what do they do?

如果越南真的被中国人殖民了一千年，为什么“越南人”仍然坚持他们的中国传统？为什么“越南人”不在接下来的千年里通过越南的非殖民化来恢复他们的“越南本土”传统？“越南人”有一千年的时间来实现越南的非殖民化，但他们做什么呢？

When "Vietnamese" face China in the north, they pretend to be local Vietnamese, while when they face their neighbors in the south, they pretend to be Chinese. The most interesting thing is that Vietnam always expands its territory in the name of "China". In fact, when Vietnam conquered its southern neighbors, it always regarded itself as "China".

当“越南人”在北方面对中国时，他们假装是本地越南人，而当他们在南方面对他们的邻居时，他们则假装是中国人。最有趣的是，越南总是以“中国”的名义扩张领土。事实上，越南在征服南部邻国时，总是把自己视为“中国”。

If the "Vietnamese" really want to restore their "Vietnamese native" tradition, if their "Vietnamese native" tradition does exist, "Vietnamese" do not need to spend a thousand years restoring their "Vietnamese native" tradition. After losing their country and language for two thousand years, it took Jews only a few decades to restore their traditions.

“越南人“如果确实想要恢复他们的”越南本土“传统，如果他们的“越南人本土”传统确实存在，“越南人”不需要花一千年来恢复他们的“越南本土”传统。犹太人在失去自己的国家和语言两千年后，只花了几十年时间就恢复了他们的传统。

印尼网友阿巴迪的回答

Other answers have listed many differences between Vietnamese culture and Chinese culture, so I just want to add one point, that is, the origin of these cultures.

其他答案已经列出了越南文化和中国文化之间的许多差异，所以我只想补充一点，即这些文化的起源。

Vietnamese culture originated from the Red River civilization（ Đ ong S ơ N civilization), Chinese culture originated from the Yellow River civilization (Chinese civilization).

越南文化起源于红河文明（Đong Sơn文明），中国文化起源于黄河文明（华夏文明）。

黄河

If you carefully observe nature and its origin, Vienna culture, Red River civilization, Chinese culture and Yellow River civilization are fundamentally different from their roots. I will go from natural conditions to crops and agriculture, and finally to culture.

如果你仔细观察自然和起源，维也纳文化、红河文明和中国文化、黄河文明与它们的根源有着根本的不同。我将从自然条件到农作物和农业，最后到文化。

The Yellow River Basin is a cold and dry continental climate area with low rainfall and high evaporation. The Red River Basin belongs to the monsoon climate area, which is hot and humid, with excess water and sufficient heat.

黄河流域是一个寒冷、干燥的大陆性气候区，降雨量低，蒸发量高。红河流域属于季风气候区，炎热潮湿，水分过剩，热量充足。

China's arable land was originally in the Yellow River plateau and the Yellow River Plain, because of the "loess" blown by the west wind. The farmland of Vietnamese people in the river basin is formed by the alluvial deposits of rivers and young rivers.

中国耕地原本是在黄河高原和黄河平原，因为西风吹来的“黄土”。越南人民在河流流域的耕地由河流和年轻河流冲积而成。

China's agriculture has always been a dry land culture from the very beginning. Vietnam's agriculture has been a water culture from the beginning. In order to control water, the Chinese have created more and more water flows, such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the Grand Canal, Dujiangyan and other water conservancy projects.

中国的农业从一开始就一直是一种旱地文化。越南的农业从一开始就是一种水养文化。为了控制水，中国人创造了越来越多的水流，比如南水北调，大运河、都江堰等水利工程。

The Chinese planted millet, then sorghum, and then barley from Central Asia. Until the Qin Dynasty (3rd century BC), wet rice was still not the main food crop in China. Only when they annexed the territory they called Nanman (南蠻), did they introduce rice into the Chinese food system. Vietnamese have had tubers (various potatoes) and other crops since the beginning, especially 6000-7000 years ago.

中国人种植小米，然后种植高粱，然后从中亚引进种植大麦，直到秦朝（公元前3世纪）之前，湿稻仍然不是中国的主要粮食作物。只有当他们吞并了他们称之为南蛮的领土(南蠻)， 他们才将水稻引入到华夏饮食体系之内。越南人从一开始就有块茎（各种土豆）等作物，尤其是6000-7000年前。

The Chinese people have a tradition of eating noodles, steamed bread and porridge. They are used to living in cellars ư (北穴居), Shaanxi still has this tradition. The Vietnamese have a tradition of eating boiled rice. In order to prevent dampness, they are used to living in houses supported by stilts. The curved boat shaped roof is called "Nam s à o C" ư” (南巢居).

中国人有吃面条、馒头和粥的传统，他们习惯了住在地窖里，ắc休伊ệtư(北穴居)，陕西至今仍有这种传统。越南人有吃煮米饭的传统，为防潮他们习惯住在用高跷支起来的房子里，船形弯曲屋顶被称为“Nam sào cư”(南巢居)。

Chinese culture is a "large land" culture. Chinese civilization is an urban civilization that actively gets rid of the rural civilization and opposes the nomadic civilization in the north. Many cities established during the establishment of the trade route are proof of this.

中国文化是“大片土地”文化。中国文明是一种积极摆脱乡村文明、反对北方游牧文明的城市文明，贸易路线建立期间建立的许多城市就是证明。

Vietnamese culture is a kind of culture "divided by the river". Living by the river, Vietnamese civilization is a rural civilization ("pH é P VUA thua L ệ L à ng"). Therefore, it is inaccurate to say that Vietnam copies Chinese cultural traditions.

越南文化是一种“被河流分割”的文化，依河而居，越南文明是一种乡村文明（“Phép vua thua lệ làng）。因此，说越南复制中国的文化传统，是不准确的。